Category: Homilies

  • Nothing outside ourselves can separate us from God

    Nothing outside ourselves can separate us from God

    October 31, 2019 – Thursday 30th Week in Ordinary Time

    (In this reflection, a young professional shares his experiences and affirms the power of the Holy Rosary that changed his life.)

    A reading from the Letter of Paul to the Romans (8:31b-39)

    Brothers and sisters:
    If God is for us, who can be against us?
    He did not spare his own Son
    but handed him over for us all,
    how will he not also give us everything else along with him?
    Who will bring a charge against God’s chosen ones?
    It is God who acquits us.
    Who will condemn?
    It is Christ Jesus who died, rather, was raised,
    who also is at the right hand of God,
    who indeed intercedes for us.
    What will separate us from the love of Christ?
    Will anguish, or distress, or persecution, or famine,
    or nakedness, or peril, or the sword?
    As it is written:

    For your sake we are being slain all the day;
    we are looked upon as sheep to be slaughtered.

    No, in all these things we conquer overwhelmingly
    through him who loved us.
    For I am convinced that neither death, nor life,
    nor angels, nor principalities,
    nor present things, nor future things,
    nor powers, nor height, nor depth,
    nor any other creature will be able to separate us
    from the love of God in Christ Jesus our Lord.

    A reading from the Holy Gospel according to Luke (13:31-35)

    Some Pharisees came to Jesus and said,
    “Go away, leave this area because Herod wants to kill you.”
    He replied, “Go and tell that fox,
    ‘Behold, I cast out demons and I perform healings today and tomorrow,
    and on the third day I accomplish my purpose.
    Yet I must continue on my way today, tomorrow, and the following day,
    for it is impossible that a prophet should die
    outside of Jerusalem.’

    “Jerusalem, Jerusalem,
    you who kill the prophets and stone those sent to you,
    how many times I yearned to gather your children together
    as a hen gathers her brood under her wings,
    but you were unwilling!
    Behold, your house will be abandoned.
    But I tell you, you will not see me until the time comes when you say,
    Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord.”

    Homily

    “If God is for us, who can be against us?… What will separate us from the love of God?”

    In fact, nothing outside ourselves can separate us from God. St. Paul affirms this to us today. Not the difficulties in our life, not those people who have hurt us, not those abuses, not those emotional hurts, not our sickness, not calamities and not even death. The love of God is so great that we are bound to him. God’s love is not something that is merely on the head but shown to us in most concrete ways in our life.

    This tells us how persistent God’s love is because he reveals himself in every moment of our life. That is why, Jesus’ love for you and for me is not merely a memory of a distant past, but his love is so alive and active. God is loving us now. Hopefully, we too will be able to realize and feel that even in the midst of so much mess we may have in our life at this very moment. God is wanting us to live and be alive in his presence. 

    Truly, nothing outside ourselves can separate us from God, but God does not control us. Because God does not impose himself on us, we remain free in our response to Him. If there is one things that can separate us, it is ourselves. When we decide to separate from God and hide ourselves from him, then, we are certainly distancing from his love. When this is done consciously, then, we surely separate ourselves from the very presence of God

    This is what we have heard from the Gospel today. Jesus was told to go away and leave because Herod planned to kill him. Many people in Jerusalem especially those in authority rejected him. Jesus was unwelcomed. This was a conscious rejection of God.

    Yet, even though Jesus was rejected, still Jesus persistently called them back. This tells us that even God is so persistent in inviting us. 

    Today, we also culminate the Rosary Crusade that our Redemptorist Youth Ministry since October 1. Every night we have been in one house to another to visit families in our communities in the parish. Thus, I would like you to listen to our youth sharer on how the Lord invites him to come closer through the Holy Rosary that we have been doing in the past month. Let us welcome Engr. Jun Paul Mamac Inocellas.

    In culminating this year Rosary Crusade by the Redemptorist Youth Ministry, let me share to you how the Rosary helps me in my life now as a young professional. 

    Way back in the year 2012 when the Rosary Crusade started, I was part of the Parish Youth Coordinating Council and a working student as well. I was a second-year college at that moment taking up my second course, the Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering. I was struggling being a student and as an active youth member of the Parish. 

    I was emotionally and spiritually weak at that moment, gani dali ra ko madani sa mga temptation atong panahuna. At that time first semester and first term, I got my second failing grade and told myself “undang nalang kaya ko ug eskwela? Lisud naman kaayo ug maka luya!”. When I was about to tell my mother about my grades, na-unhan ko niya ug istorya “Dong! Ana imong papa gikapoy na daw siya ug pangitag kwarta” upat pami gi paeswkela ato nila. Nag padayon si mama, “Mao na Dong paning kamot jud sa pag eskwela samtang kaya sa imong papa bahalag lisud,” knowing that papa didn’t finished his elementaryi was moved at what Mama told me. 

    First Semester was about to end and it was October already syempre month of the rosary na. October 1, 2012 the Rosary Crusade started with a Holy Eucharist before we transferred it to the first Chapel. Before the rosary started, the prayer leader asked, “kinsa tong naay petition diha kay atong include sa rosary.” I wondered and asked, “is that possible?” I did not know that, kani laging October ra mo ampo ug rosary sauna unya painit ra ang apas

    So, I told the prayer leader about my petitions. First, was for more strength and healthy body to my parents. Second, I asked for the perseverance and endurance in my studies. After that, every time I felt sadness, emptiness, and got worried, I would pray the rosary and felt at peace and comfortable. 

    Since then, as I prayed the holy rosary more often, many things changed in my life. All my needs have been answered by God. And I appreciated the many things God gave to me. I am always protected, even when I do not specifically ask for it. The enemy flees the moment I call Mama Mary’s name. My outlook in life has changed and now I truly believed that anything is possible in Him. 

    I finished my degree in 7 years with five failing grades, passed the licensure exam and currently working on a real estate developer as a Civil Engineer. Thanks to Mama Mary for her intercession and praise God who has given me strength to conquer all failures in my life.

    I encourage you now to start your own journey. The Holy Rosary has changed my life, I hope it changes yours too. To end my Rosary Crusade story let me leave this to you as St. Josemaría Escrivá “The holy Rosary is a powerful weapon. Use it with confidence and you’ll be amazed at the results.” 

    What Jun Paul shared to us is a manifestation how God could be so subtle in bringing us back. God is subtle and gentle yet so persistent. God’s love for us is indeed so great and tremendous that he would do everything to bring us closer to him.

    Difficult situations are turned into graces. Failures are turned into opportunities. Friendships are turned into doors of conversion. Prayers are turned into blessings.

    Whatever difficulty we are experiencing at this moment, never lose hope with yourself or with God because God never loses his hope in us. Let God call you back, and let Mary, Our Mother of Perpetual Help to bring you closer to Jesus. Hinaut pa. 

    Jom Baring, CSsR

  • God’s salvation is offered freely, not imposed

    God’s salvation is offered freely, not imposed

    October 30, 2019 Wednesday – 30th Week in OT

    A reading from the Letter of Paul to the Romans (8:26-30)

    Brothers and sisters:
    The Spirit comes to the aid of our weakness;
    for we do not know how to pray as we ought,
    but the Spirit himself intercedes with inexpressible groanings.
    And the one who searches hearts
    knows what is the intention of the Spirit,
    because he intercedes for the holy ones 
    according to God’s will.

    We know that all things work for good for those who love God,
    who are called according to his purpose.
    For those he foreknew he also predestined
    to be conformed to the image of his Son,
    so that he might be the firstborn
    among many brothers.  
    And those he predestined he also called;
    and those he called he also justified;
    and those he justified he also glorified.

    A reading from the Holy Gospel according to Luke (13:22-30)

    Jesus passed through towns and villages,
    teaching as he went and making his way to Jerusalem.
    Someone asked him,
    “Lord, will only a few people be saved?”
    He answered them, 
    “Strive to enter through the narrow gate,
    for many, I tell you, will attempt to enter
    but will not be strong enough.
    After the master of the house has arisen and locked the door,
    then will you stand outside knocking and saying,
    ‘Lord, open the door for us.’
    He will say to you in reply,
    ‘I do not know where you are from.’
    And you will say,
    ‘We ate and drank in your company and you taught in our streets.’
    Then he will say to you,
    ‘I do not know where you are from.
    Depart from me, all you evildoers!’
    And there will be wailing and grinding of teeth
    when you see Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob
    and all the prophets in the Kingdom of God
    and you yourselves cast out.
    And people will come from the east and the west
    and from the north and the south
    and will recline at table in the Kingdom of God.
    For behold, some are last who will be first,
    and some are first who will be last.”

       Homily

    “Lord, will only a few people be saved?” someone asked Jesus. Indeed, the path that Jesus was taking seemed too difficult for this man. This was the reason why he asked the Lord about this. 

    Jesus’ way was totally different from the trend at that time. People believed in a God who is so far away, too powerful and almighty. Yet, Jesus presented a God who is so close with the people. The people believed in an untouchable God who burdens them with so many laws to follow. Yet, Jesus introduced to them a God who heals the broken-hearted, who favored the poor and the despised. The people believed in vengeance, punishment and violence against the wicked and sinners. However, Jesus taught forgiveness and mercy, reconciliation and peace. Their world taught them that they should be above others, to be rich, famous and powerful. But then, Jesus remained humble and poor, simple and unassuming, weak and powerless.

    The Lord desires that everyone will be saved, that each of us will experience healing and peace, reconciliation and freedom. However, as it was at the time of Jesus, we continue to prevent the Lord in saving us. Our tendency to advance our desires and interests first at the expense of others, stops us in allowing the Lord to work in us. Selfishness and arrogance continue to hold us back from God.

    However, despite this weakness in us, God never surrenders in us. St. Paul in his letter to the Romans affirms how the Spirit helps us in our weakness. St Paul even reminds us that in everything, God works for the good of those who love him. This tells us of God’s desire to make us free and to give us a blessed life. God is certainly determined in inviting and enticing us to come close to Him.

    Thus, God’s salvation is offered to us freely, but not imposed on us. And so it means that salvation also requires our participation, a conscious response frm us. This makes the door of salvation “narrow” because of the commitment that it entails.

    God invites us today to enter that narrow gate, which is, to enter into relationship with God and with others. It is an invitation of committing ourselves in what we believe as Christians and that is, that God is a God of salvation, of love, of forgiveness and of mercy.

    Today, let us show and express confidently our commitment to God by listening attentively to His voice in the scriptures, in our sacraments, in our culture, in our current events and with those who are suffering in many ways in our community. Hopefully, this will lead us to respond to God’s invitation by becoming his instruments of salvation for our brothers and sisters and of the rest of God’s creation.  Hinaut pa.

    Jom Baring, CSsR

  • Small things matter because God makes them great

    Small things matter because God makes them great

    October 29, 2019 – Tuesday 30th Week in Ordinary Time

    A reading from the Holy Gospel according to Luke (13:18-21)

    Jesus said, “What is the Kingdom of God like?
    To what can I compare it?
    It is like a mustard seed that a man took and planted in the garden.
    When it was fully grown, it became a large bush
    and ‘the birds of the sky dwelt in its branches.’”

    Again he said, “To what shall I compare the Kingdom of God?
    It is like yeast that a woman took
    and mixed in with three measures of wheat flour
    until the whole batch of dough was leavened.”

    Homily

    A single drop of water in a lake or any body of water creates endless ripple effect. This is how a small thing can make a big difference.

    Our Gospel today conveys an important message for us of small things that really matters.

    The two parables of the kingdom of God present to us how a small thing can become meaningful, wonderful and can create a significant impact. God, indeed, favors the small, the humble and the simple because God can work through them. If we have noticed, it was also the humble, the small ones, people who were believed to be insignificant by others who actually responded well to God.

    This tells us that being humble, or small, or simple or having little and even having almost nothing is not a problem with God. God is even delighted in our simplicity and in our smallness because there are no pretensions in there.

    Being small makes us rather disposed and welcoming to what God offers us. In this way, when we allow God to work in us, God makes great things out of the little things in us and out of our smallness.

    Thus, each of us too, even the smallest acts of goodness and kindness and a simple expression of concern and love can have an impact to others that might be beyond what we could imagine. Our simple initiatives in serving God and others, in expressing our love create an opportunity for God to work in us and through us. If only, we will allow God to work, then, God transforms us and our efforts powerfully and wonderfully.

    We don’t have to create spectacular things or do impressive acts for the sake of being recognized by others, our small but sincere actions and silent kindness could create an endless ripple effect on others.

    In this way, the kingdom of God surely grows in us. Though the kingdom of God may grow slowly, but it grows continually and powerfully in us. Hence, do not be afraid or be shy in doing small good things for others and for God. Show your kindness and generosity to your neighbors today. Say “I love you” to your beloved. Say “I forgive you” to those who have hurt you. It would surely be through these simple things that God becomes ever present in us, because “small things matter” in God. Hinaut pa.

    Jom Baring, CSsR

  • Looking Closely at Ourselves

    Looking Closely at Ourselves

    October 27, 2019 – 30th Sunday in Ordinary Time

    A reading from the Holy Gospel according to Luke (18:9-14)

    Jesus addressed this parable
    to those who were convinced of their own righteousness
    and despised everyone else. 
    “Two people went up to the temple area to pray;
    one was a Pharisee and the other was a tax collector. 
    The Pharisee took up his position and spoke this prayer to himself,
    ‘O God, I thank you that I am not like the rest of humanity —
    greedy, dishonest, adulterous — or even like this tax collector. 
    I fast twice a week, and I pay tithes on my whole income.’
    But the tax collector stood off at a distance
    and would not even raise his eyes to heaven
    but beat his breast and prayed,
    ‘O God, be merciful to me a sinner.’
    I tell you, the latter went home justified, not the former;
    for whoever exalts himself will be humbled,
    and the one who humbles himself will be exalted.”

    Homily

    Have you ever been judged because of what you have done before, of a mistake, or failure or sin that you have committed and the people around you seemed to consider you hopeless and beyond redemption? It is very devastating to be judged by others especially when we are “put in a box,” that, as if there is nothing more in us except our sins and failures.

    Aside from being judged by others, each of us too can be the one who judge others because of their mistakes and failures in life. We could have played to be the righteous individuals who scrutinize people searching for their faults. We could be that mean person whose main intention is to bring other people down by shaming and gossiping their  weaknesses in order to hide our own sins. This happens among our families, circle of friends and even in our workplaces.

    This Sunday, I would like you to listen to one of the members of the Redemptorist Youth Ministry. Ella Mae Aguda will share her reflections to us and let us discover together on how the Lord invites us today. And so let, us welcome Ella Mae.

    Good afternoon everyone.

    I would like to start my reflection with a famous quotation “Never judge a book by its cover.” It is so easy to utter these words but it is really so hard to put them into action . It’s so easy to judge people by their mistakes, their ugly past and their wrong decisions. It’s so easy to call others with degrading names and tagging them with hurting words. I will not deny this kind of attitude because I myself have tried and judged people based on how they look liked and of their past. 

    Let me tell you a short situation where I have judged people but later on I was confronted by that attitude of mine which helped also to change my perspective, to change the way I relate with others and to change my life. 

    I met friends in an unexpected situations. At first I thought they were just living to enjoy their life but then I realized they were not thinking  about others but only themselves. These friends drowned themselves into different vices. Seeing them, I realized I have developed hatred towards them. Looking at them, I have already despised them for being like that. Thus, I believed that they were people whom, I think, don’t care about their parents or family. These friends would only rather drink, smoke, party than go to school and to the church. 

    Because of that feeling of despise against them, I also began to feel superior than them. I even began to feel grateful that I am not like them. In mind, I have completely separated myself from them. Them as the bad guys and me the good girl. I have become condemning.

    However, as time passed by, slowly I realized how I misjudged them completely. When I got to know them deeper, I was made aware of their stories. Behind those actions were stories about their struggles in their families and their painful experiences. I was made aware that those actions were only façade to escape from their painful reality. Those actions have become their coping from so much difficulty. 

    From that deeper knowledge and awareness about them, it led me to confront my self-righteousness.  I began to see my own failures and sins and so I started to ask myself, “Who is the sinner now?” “Kinsa ang mas makasasala sa amua?”

    ​As realizations sink in to me, I asked myself why was I like that? Why did I judge them? I felt my conscience eating me and I realized how my judgment can ruin someone’s life. I realized how my judgment buildtan invisible wall between me and those people. I realized how I failed as a servant of God. I know that my God is a forgiving God so why would I judge and condemn others when the Lord would love to forgive them readily?

    Being part of the Redemptorist Youth Ministry helped me understand and made me realize my own failures and sins that brought me to humble myself yet recognizing also how beloved, gifted and empowered I am. 

    I realized that this experience of mine is another opportunity for me to deepen my relationship with God and purify my heart. I myself have experienced the acceptance that I needed most with my co-youth ministers.  Despite my insecurities I was accepted and loved. Because of that, my co-youth ministers have inspired me to become a better version of myself. Thus, through the Redemptorist Youth Ministry, I was taught that to judge a person is to miss an amazing and wonderful story of life and salvation.

    In conclusion, I could say now, God made each one of us in a very unique way. Each one is beautiful inside and out in God’s eyes, and this is something we need to recognize too. Someone said that when we stop judging other people, we start opening our hearts and we start realizing how blessed, how lucky and how beautiful life is.

    Ella Mae shared to us her wonderful experience that led her to her personal conversion. I myself also have a similar experience like Ella. 

    I had this classmate who appeared to be always untidy, late and worst would usually fail his exams. Yet, when we moved up to a higher year, there was something that surprised the class about him. Though he still looked untidy and sometimes came late, but, his exams got higher and better results. Every time he passed an exam there was malice in our minds. Everyone suspected him that he cheated. Most of us, even our teacher couldn’t believe that he had the potential. Others became indignant and felt bad whenever he got a higher score than those who usually got high scores.

    Most of us judged him that he did not have the capacity. We judged him of his past behavior and of his failures. Thus, we have failed to recognize that he had actually that capacity. We refused to believe in him because we felt insecure of his capacities and potentials.

    The Gospel story that we have heard today conveys this message to us. To become self-righteous only blinds us. Thinking highly too much of ourselves will even prevent us from asking God to show his mercy upon us because we already think that we do not need God’s mercy. Therefore, the self-righteous attitude of the Pharisee is basically a denial of God. Moreover, this attitude also leads us to build invisible walls that separate us from others, as what Ella Mae shared to us.

    Thus, we might still have that idea of condemning our brothers and sisters who were considered terrible sinners. We too might have that attitude of separating those people whom we consider as unclean for fear of being contaminated and be associated with them.

    Thus, Jesus invites us now to rather look closely at ourselves and to examine better our intentions, thoughts and actions so that it may also lead us to that recognition of our failures and sins. This realization will hopefully lead us to also join the tax collector in praying, “O God, be merciful to me, a sinner.” 

    Certainly, we are invited also to be more understanding of those who failed but not in the sense of condoning such failures and sins. We are invited to be merciful rather than condemning.

    Let us remind ourselves too, that to both the righteous and the sinners, God does not condemn but God rather desires healing, reconciliation and fullness of life for all.

    This calls us, then, to see more in the person of our brothers and sisters, to stop our harsh judgments and condemnations, to stop our gossiping and image shaming that only destroy the image of our brother or sister.

    I would like to invite you then, to embrace a family member, or a relative or a friend whom we know have sinned against us so that reconciliation will also begin in us. In this way then, we will hopefully become witnesses of God’s mercy and forgiveness. Hinaut pa.

    Jom Baring, CSsR

  • God is a God of many chances

    God is a God of many chances

    October 26, 2019 – Saturday 29th Week in Ordinary Time

    A reading from the Letter of Paul to the Romans (8:1-11)

    Brothers and sisters:
    Now there is no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus.
    For the law of the spirit of life in Christ Jesus
    has freed you from the law of sin and death. 
    For what the law, weakened by the flesh, was powerless to do,
    this God has done:
    by sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh
    and for the sake of sin, he condemned sin in the flesh,
    so that the righteous decree of the law might be fulfilled in us,
    who live not according to the flesh but according to the spirit.
    For those who live according to the flesh
    are concerned with the things of the flesh,
    but those who live according to the spirit
    with the things of the spirit. 
    The concern of the flesh is death,
    but the concern of the spirit is life and peace.
    For the concern of the flesh is hostility toward God;
    it does not submit to the law of God, nor can it;
    and those who are in the flesh cannot please God.
    But you are not in the flesh;
    on the contrary, you are in the spirit,
    if only the Spirit of God dwells in you.
    Whoever does not have the Spirit of Christ does not belong to him.
    But if Christ is in you,
    although the body is dead because of sin,
    the spirit is alive because of righteousness.
    If the Spirit of the one who raised Jesus from the dead dwells in you,
    the one who raised Christ from the dead
    will give life to your mortal bodies also,
    through his Spirit that dwells in you.

    A reading from the Holy Gospel according to Luke (13:1-9)

    Some people told Jesus about the Galileans
    whose blood Pilate had mingled with the blood of their sacrifices.
    He said to them in reply, 
    “Do you think that because these Galileans suffered in this way 
    they were greater sinners than all other Galileans?
    By no means!
    But I tell you, if you do not repent,
    you will all perish as they did!
    Or those eighteen people who were killed 
    when the tower at Siloam fell on them—
    do you think they were more guilty 
    than everyone else who lived in Jerusalem?
    By no means!
    But I tell you, if you do not repent,
    you will all perish as they did!”
    And he told them this parable: 
    “There once was a person who had a fig tree planted in his orchard, 
    and when he came in search of fruit on it but found none,
    he said to the gardener,
    ‘For three years now I have come in search of fruit on this fig tree     
    but have found none.
    So cut it down.
    Why should it exhaust the soil?’
    He said to him in reply,
    ‘Sir, leave it for this year also, 
    and I shall cultivate the ground around it and fertilize it; 
    it may bear fruit in the future.
    If not you can cut it down.’”

    Homily

    St Paul in his letter to the Romans talks about the contradiction between the tendencies of the flesh and gifts of the spirit dwelling within us. 

    This means that in each of us, we have this selfish tendencies to satisfy our human cravings. These desires are only concerned about the self. In the words of St Paul, these desires of the flesh tends towards death. It is towards death because these tendencies of ours do not give life and do not hold on hope. Thus, our desires of the flesh would always tend to be corrupt and selfish, abusive and uncontended. 

    This is evident when we have developed vices and bad habits. Like for example, when we hunger for praise and recognition from others we would tend to seek affirmation from people no matter what. As a result, we become aggressive and unhealthily competitive and threatened when someone is better than us. When we also become addicted in any substance, may it be in alcohol or illegal drugs, or addicted to any habits like that of eating, shopping, or into gadgets, or gambling or sex, we tend to become selfish because we crave to satisfy our deep emptiness. And because it cannot be satisfied then we seek for more. And when we seek for more, we do anything just to do it no matter what. Hence, when the cycle of abuse and addiction begins we also walk towards hopelessness and death.

    However, St Paul also reminds us that each of us too has been gifted by the Spirit of God, dwelling within us. The spirit can only work when we allow also the Lord to work in us. When we begin to recognize the spirit, then, the spirit will surely help us rise again and walk towards hope and towards life that is free and at peace. 

    Recognizing the spirit dwelling in each of us is a call to a personal encounter with God. In our encounter with God, it invites us to remove or to let go of those unnecessary things, attitudes, vices, behaviors, beliefs and lifestyle that offend God and others and prevent us from truly encountering and knowing the Lord intimately. 

    Thus, our encounter with God calls also us to go beyond ourselves even beyond our comforts, beyond our fears and beyond our sins and weaknesses. God calls us to step forward and to come out our own hiding places of insecurities, of anger and hate, of pretensions and compulsive behaviors.

    This is basically the invitation of Jesus from the Gospel today. Jesus gave us the parable of the fig tree. In this parable, Jesus tells us that the Father is a 

    God of many chances. 

    God gives us many chances to change our ways and to come nearer to him so that we may find fullness of life with God. This is described to us as Jesus expressed in the parable how the owner would visit the tree. And also, in the person of the gardener, Jesus tells us that indeed, 

    God gives us another chance when we fail and commit mistakes. 

    The gardener expressed hope to the owner as he asked him to give the fig tree another year. The gardener promised to cultivate it so that it may bear fruit. The gardener really saw hope in that tree. That gardener is also the Spirit dwelling within us, God himself who never loses hope for us. 

    Indeed, God always sees hope in each of us. Even though that others may treat us as beyond hope and beyond repair because of our failures and big mistakes in life, but then, God sees hope beyond our hopelessness. That is why, God’s spirit would always entice us to recognize him and encounter him.

    And God makes the move through the people around us, through our friends and loved ones and even strangers who will remind and teach us that God is within us, waiting to be recognized, and waiting to be welcomed. Hinaut pa.

    Jom Baring, CSsR